Seismic Waves Quiz Quiz on Seismic Waves and Earth Layers Time Left: 10:00 Submit Quiz Results

Quiz Application Quiz on River Deposition Time Left: 10:00 Submit Quiz Results

Geology MCQ Practice Q.1 The density contrast across which one of the following transitions in the Earth is maximum? (A) Upper crust - lower crust (B) Upper mantle - lower mantle (C) Lower mantle - outer core (D) Outer core - inner core Q.2 Which one of the following is NOT an ultramafic rock? (A) Wehrlite (B) Olivine websterite (C) Harzburgite (D) Anorthosite Q...

Time Left: 20:00 Loading…

Introducing Structural Geology      In fact, structural geology is a very interesting branch of the earth sciences that deals with physical forces playing out in the building of the crust of our planet. Structural geology makes evident the dynamic forces that have acted on the Earth itself throughout millions of years-from the complex folds in ancient rocks to those proud peaks. Journey through Time: Historical Background Sketch by Leonardo da Vinci showing details of folded strata in the mountains of Italy (ca. 1500 AD)      Discovery concerning structural geology is so much improved over years. From his observations of rock layers, Nicholas Steno noted as early as the 17th century that they were not always horizontal, conferring the revelation that these rocks had deformed. This was revolutionary and laid the foundation for the future work in geological exploration.      In the 19th century, G.P. Scrope suggested that mountains had been pro...

  Hydrogeology Part – 4 SPRINGS A spring is a concentrated discharge of groundwater appearing at the ground surface as a current of flowing water. Springs occur in many forms and have been classified as to cause, rock structure, discharge, temperature, and variability.  Bryan divided all springs into       those resulting from nongravitational forces and      those resulting from gravitational forces.  Under the former category are included volcanic springs, associated with volcanic rocks, and fissure springs, resulting from fractures extending to great depths in the earth's crust. Such springs are usually thermal (fig above).  Gravity springs result from water flowing under hydrostatic pressure. the following general types are recognized: 1. Depression Springs-Formed where the ground surface intersects the water table. 2. Contact Springs-Created by a permeable water-bearing formation overlying a less permeable formation that inte...

Hydrogeology Part – 2   Darcy’s law and hydraulic conductivity           Water contained within the interconnected voids of soils and rocks is capable of moving, and the ability of a rock to store and transmit water constitutes its hydraulic properties.      The laws that govern the behaviour of groundwater flow in saturated material is that formulated empirically by the French municipal engineer for Dijon, Henry Darcy, in 1856.      Darcy studied the flow of water through porous material contained in a column and found that the      T otal flow - Q, is proportional - difference in water level, h1 − h2, the cross-sectional area of flow, A, and inversely proportional to the column length, L. proportionality constant - K      where dh/dl represents the hydraulic gradient, with the negative sign indicating flow in the direction of decreasing hydraulic head. Limitations:      D...